From Sand to a RAM Stick

A step-by-step walk through every level of abstraction between a single silicon atom and a finished RAM stick. Read the steps in order.

1. Silicon — the raw element
2. Refining & growing a wafer
3. Doping — N-type & P-type
4. The PN junction & diode
5. The MOSFET switch
6. Fabrication on the wafer
7. Logic gates (CMOS)
8. The latch — storing 1 bit
9. Flip-flop & SRAM cell
10. The DRAM bit (1T1C)
11. The memory array (grid of cells)
12. Banks and the die
13. Synchronous & double data rate (SDRAM → DDR)
14. Packaging the die into a chip
15. The RAM stick (DIMM module)